OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary program, including Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in the treatment of patients with chronic migraine (CM) and concomitant chronic insomnia (CI).
METHODS: The study included 96 patients with CM and CI, average age 35.7±8.6. All patients underwent clinical interviews and testing using clinical and psychological techniques. Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 received study treatment (an multudisciplinary program including CBT for pain and insomnia, combined with standard treatment for migraine), group 2 received standard treatment for migraine (preventive and acute pharmacotherapy for migraine, recommendations about lifestyle and sleep hygiene). All patients were assessed for clinical and psychological parameters before treatment and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months follow-up.
RESULTS: At 3 month follow-up a statistically significant improvement was observed in group 1: a decrease in the frequency of headaches and the use of painkillers, parameters on the Insomnia Severity Index (ITI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) (p<0.05). At 6, 12 and 18 months follow-up the achieved improvements were maintained. At 3 month follow-up, group 2 showed a statistically significant improvement in only 4 parameters: a decrease in the frequency of headaches and painkiller use, and parameters for ITI and MIDAS. These parameters increased to values that were not statistically significantly different from the parameters before treatment in group 2 at 6 month follow-up. At 3 month follow-up in group 165% of patients achieved clinical effect (CE) according to CM (headache frequency decreased by 50% or more), in group 2 - 40%, which was not statistically significantly different (p>0.001); in group 1, 76% of patients achieved CE according to CI (ITI decreased by 8 points or more), which is statistically significantly more than in group 2 with 45% of patients with CE (p<0.001). At 18 month follow-up, in group 1, 81.5% of patients achieved CE according to CM, which is statistically significantly more than in group 2 with 33% of patients with CE (p<0.001); in group 1, 85% of patients achieved CE according to CI, which is statistically significantly more than in group 2, where 38% of patients had CE (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: High effectiveness of CBT in patients with CM and combined CI was noted.
UNASSIGNED: Оценить эффективность междисциплинарной программы, включающей когнитивно-поведенческую терапию (КПТ), в лечении пациентов с хронической мигренью (ХМ) и сочетанной хронической инсомнией (ХИ).
UNASSIGNED: В исследование включены 96 пациентов с ХМ и ХИ, средний возраст 35,7±8,6 года. Со всеми пациентами проводились клиническая беседа и тестирование с помощью клинико-психологических методик. Пациенты были рандомизированы в две группы: 1-я группа получала стандартное лечение (фармакотерапию профилактическую и для купирования мигрени, рекомендации по образу жизни и гигиене сна) и КПТ, 2-я группа — только стандартное лечение. У всех пациентов оценивались клинико-психологические показатели до лечения и на 3, 6, 12 и 18-й месяцы после лечения.
UNASSIGNED: Через 3 мес терапии в 1-й группе наблюдалось статистически значимое улучшение: снижение частоты приступов головной боли и приема обезболивающих, показателей по Индексу тяжести инсомнии (ИТИ), шкале личностной и ситуативной тревоги Спилбергера—Ханина, шкале депрессии Бека, шкале оценки влияния мигрени на повседневную активность (ШОВМА) (p<0,05). Через 6, 12 и 18 мес терапии достигнутые улучшения сохранились. Через 3 мес терапии во 2-й группе наблюдалось статистически значимое (p<0,05) улучшение только по 4 параметрам: снижение частоты приступов головной боли и приема обезболивающих, показателей по ИТИ и ШОВМА. С 6 мес терапии во 2-й группе эти показатели статистически значимо не отличались от показателей до лечения. Через 3 мес терапии клинического эффекта (КЭ) по ХМ (снижение частоты головной боли на 50% и более) в 1-й группе достигли 65% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 40%; КЭ по ХИ (ИТИ уменьшился на 8 баллов и более) в 1-й группе — 76% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 45% (p<0,001). Через 18 мес терапии КЭ по ХМ в 1-й группе достигли 81,5% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 33% (p<0,001); КЭ по ХИ в 1-й группе — 85% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 38% (p<0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Отмечена высокая эффективность КПТ у пациентов с ХМ и сочетанной ХИ.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze complaints about sleep disorders and assess the incidence of various sleep disorders, using relevant scales, in patients with medication-overuse headache (MOH) in comparison with patients without MOH.
METHODS: The prospective case-control study included 171 patients, aged 18 years and older, with MOH (main group), and173 patients with primary headaches without MOH (control group). A neurologist conducted an initial examination and professional interview before the start of treatment. To diagnose sleep disorders, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edition, 2014) was used. Additionally, an assessment was made using the Insomnia Severity Index Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Lausanne Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Scale (NoSAS).
RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were revealed in the prevalence of the following complaints about sleep disorders in patients with MOH: lack of sleep (51.5%), frequent awakenings during sleep (43.3%), discomfort in legs before falling asleep or at rest in the evening (37.4%). Difficulties falling asleep occurred equally often in both patients with MOH (43.9%) and without MOH (37.0%), as well as daytime sleepiness (40.4% vs 36.4%) and the presence of snoring (13% of patients in each group). Patients with MOH were significantly more likely to suffer from chronic insomnia (60.2% and 47.4%, respectively, p=0.02; OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.6) and restless legs syndrome (37.4% and 22.0%, respectively, p=0.002; OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3-3.4). The incidence of hypersomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome did not have statistically significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MOH compared to patients without MOH have a significantly higher incidence of main complaints of sleep disorders, chronic insomnia and restless legs syndrome, which indicates the importance of sleep disorders in the pathogenesis of medication-overuse headaches and requires timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent the progression of both headaches and sleep disorders.
UNASSIGNED: Анализ жалоб на нарушения сна и оценка встречаемости различных расстройств сна с использованием шкал у больных с лекарственно-индуцированной головной болью (ЛИГБ) в сравнении с пациентами без ЛИГБ.
UNASSIGNED: В проспективное исследование по типу «случай-контроль» включен 171 пациент в возрасте 18 лет и старше, имеющий ЛИГБ (основная группа), а также 173 пациента с первичными головными болями без ЛИГБ (контрольная группа). Первичный осмотр и профессиональное интервью проведены врачом-неврологом до начала лечения с использованием стандартизированных опросников. Для диагностики нарушений сна использовалась Международная классификация нарушений сна (3-е издание, 2014). Дополнительно произведена оценка по шкалам индекса тяжести инсомнии, Эпвортской шкале дневной сонливости и Лозаннской шкале синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (NoSAS).
UNASSIGNED: Статистически значимые различия выявлены в превалировании следующих жалоб на нарушения сна у больных с ЛИГБ: невыспанность по утрам (51,5%), частые пробуждения во время сна (43,3%), неприятные ощущения в ногах перед засыпанием или в состоянии покоя в вечернее время (37,4%). Трудности засыпания встречались одинаково часто у больных как с ЛИГБ (43,9%), так и без ЛИГБ (37,0%), так же как дневная сонливость (40,4% против 36,4%) и наличие храпа (13% больных в каждой из групп). Больные с ЛИГБ значительно чаще страдали хронической инсомнией (60,2 и 47,4% соответственно, p=0,02; ОШ 1,7; 95% ДИ 1,1—2,6) и синдромом беспокойных ног (37,4 и 22,0% соответственно, p=0,002; ОШ 2,1; 95% ДИ 1,3—3,4). Встречаемость гиперсомнии, синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна не имели статистически значимых различий.
UNASSIGNED: Больные с ЛИГБ, по сравнению пациентами без ЛИГБ, имеют значительно большую встречаемость основных жалоб на нарушения сна, хронической инсомнии и синдрома беспокойных ног, что указывает на важное значение нарушений сна в патогенезе ЛИГБ и требует своевременной диагностики и лечения для профилактики прогрессирования как головных болей, так и нарушений сна.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the heavy metal and trace element (HMTE) profile in patients with migraine (PwM) and to compare it to that of healthy individuals without migraine.
BACKGROUND: Migraine is a universal disease that affects more than 10% of the world\'s population; however, its pathophysiology is still obscure.
METHODS: A total of 100 participants were included in this prospective matched case-control study (50 PwM during acute attack and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). The study was conducted in the university hospital in Yozgat, Turkey, where the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was used to measure the HMTE profile. The calibration curve was created with 11 points for heavy metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], cobalt [Co], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], nickel [Ni], and tin [Sn]) and trace elements (antimony [Sb], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], magnesium [Mg], manganese [Mn], molybdenum [Mo], and zinc [Zn]).
RESULTS: The median age was 27 (23-37) years, and the female/male ratio was 37/13 for both groups. The PwM group had significantly higher As, Co, Pb, and Ni levels among the heavy metals (p = 0.033, 0.017, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively). Also, PwM had significantly lower Cr, Mg, and Zn levels among the trace elements (p = 0.007, 0.024, and < 0.001, respectively). The only trace element that was elevated in the PwM group was Mn (p = 0.001). The PwM and control groups did not differ in terms of Cd, Sn, Sb, Cu, Fe, and Mo (p = 0.165, 0.997, 0.195, 0.408, 0.440, and 0.252, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Some HMTE parameters are altered in PwM, which may provide additional insight into understanding migraine etiology.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between day-to-day peak pain severity and clinical factors in individuals with chronic migraine (CM).
BACKGROUND: Little is known about how clinical factors relate to day-to-day pain severity in individuals with CM.
METHODS: Adults with CM were enrolled into this observational prospective cohort study that collected daily data about headache, associated symptoms, and lifestyle factors using a digital health platform (N1-Headache™) for 90 days. \"Migraine days\" were defined as days in which a headache occurred that had features described by the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. On these days, peak pain severity was recorded on a 4-point scale; on non-headache days peak pain severity was imputed as \"0/none\". The associations between peak pain severity and 12 clinical factors were modeled and adjusted for sex, age, daily headache, presence of menstrual bleeding, day of the week, and disability. All numerical and Likert scale variables were standardized prior to analysis.
RESULTS: Data were available for 392 participants (35,280 tracked days). The sample was predominantly female (90.6%), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 39.9 (12.8) years. In the final multivariable model with random intercept and slopes, higher than typical self-reported levels of standardized stress (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.11), standardized irritability (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08), standardized sadness (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.07), fatigue (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.15-1.36), eyestrain (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.26-1.52), neck pain (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.76-2.13), skin sensitivity (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.44-1.80), and dehydration (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18-1.42) were associated with higher reported peak pain severity levels, while standardized sleep quality (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99) and standardized waking feeling refreshed (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.81-0.88) were associated with lower reported peak pain severity levels. The inclusion of a random intercept and random slopes improved upon more parsimonious models and illustrated large differences in individuals\' reporting of peak severity according to the levels of the associated clinical factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that the experience of CM, from a pain severity perspective, is complex, related to multiple clinical variables, and highly individualized. These results suggest that future work should aim to study a personalized approach to both medical and behavioral interventions for CM based on which clinical factors relate to the individual\'s experience of pain severity.

Background/Objectives: Migraine is one of the most common diseases in highly developed countries, being even more common than diabetes and asthma. Migraines can affect emotional, social, and physical wellbeing as well as professional life. The most common symptoms are severe headaches associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia and sonophobia, difficulty concentrating, sensitivity and emotional disorders. Many studies have been published to establish the best migraine-management drugs, but not many of them refer to plant extracts, which have been given more attention by patients lately. Among these generically called herbal medicines, the effect of tussilago hybrida standardized extract has been studied since the early twenties. This stands as the fundamental component of Neurasites® and the reason for research on materials and methods, results on treatment schemes for diminishing migraine attack features, as well as migraine prevention. Methods: There are two directions of research (herbal and placebo medicine) considered to be of interest due to the actual trend toward natural medicine and against chemicals and associated drugs. For quantitative research, the research tool used was that of the Neurasites® Questionnaire Survey (NQS). Results: The obtained results prove the efficacy of treatment by reducing the duration of headache attacks, diminishing pain intensity and decreasing the frequency of migraine episodes. Conclusions: Further research development should focus on other dosages and treatment schemes and on other similar natural products to be used in migraine attack treatment.

The misdiagnosis of headache disorders is a serious issue, and AI-based headache model diagnoses with external validation are scarce. We previously developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based headache diagnosis model using a database of 4000 patients\' questionnaires in a headache-specializing clinic and herein performed external validation prospectively. The validation cohort of 59 headache patients was prospectively collected from August 2023 to February 2024 at our or collaborating multicenter institutions. The ground truth was specialists\' diagnoses based on the initial questionnaire and at least a one-month headache diary after the initial consultation. The diagnostic performance of the AI model was evaluated. The mean age was 42.55 ± 12.74 years, and 51/59 (86.67%) of the patients were female. No missing values were reported. Of the 59 patients, 56 (89.83%) had migraines or medication-overuse headaches, and 3 (5.08%) had tension-type headaches. No one had trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias or other headaches. The models\' overall accuracy and kappa for the ground truth were 94.92% and 0.65 (95%CI 0.21-1.00), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F values for migraines were 98.21%, 66.67%, 98.21%, and 98.21%, respectively. There was disagreement between the AI diagnosis and the ground truth by headache specialists in two patients. This is the first external validation of the AI headache diagnosis model. Further data collection and external validation are required to strengthen and improve its performance in real-world settings.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a remnant of the foetal circulation resulting from incomplete occlusion of the septum primum and septum secundum. Although prevalent in about 25% of the population, it mainly remains asymptomatic. However, its clinical significance in situations such as cryptogenic stroke, migraine, and decompression illness (DCI) has been well described. Recent randomised clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of percutaneous PFO closure over pharmacological therapy alone for secondary stroke prevention in carefully selected patients. Notably, these trials have excluded older patients or those with concurrent thrombophilia. Furthermore, the role of closure in other clinical conditions associated with PFO, like decompression sickness (DCS) and migraines, remains under investigation. Our review aims to summarise the existing literature regarding epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, optimal management, and closure indications for these special patient groups.

Migraine is a common and debilitating neurological disorder characterized by the recurrent attack of pulsating headaches typically localized on one side of the head associated with other disabling symptoms, such as nausea, increased sensitivity to light, sound and smell and mood changes. Various clinical factors, including the excessive use of migraine medication, inadequate acute treatment and stressful events, can contribute to the worsening of the condition, which may evolve to chronic migraine, that is, a headache present on >15 days/month for at least 3 months. Chronic migraine is frequently associated with various comorbidities, including anxiety and mood disorders, particularly depression, which complicate the prognosis, response to treatment and overall clinical outcomes. Emerging research indicates a connection between alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and mental health conditions, particularly anxiety and depression, which are considered disorders of the gut-brain axis. This underscores the potential of modulating the gut microbiota as a new avenue for managing these conditions. In this context, it is interesting to investigate whether migraine, particularly in its chronic form, exhibits a dysbiosis profile similar to that observed in individuals with anxiety and depression. This could pave the way for interventions aimed at modulating the gut microbiota for treating difficult-to-manage migraines.

Dysfunction in ion channels or processes involved in maintaining ionic homeostasis is thought to lower the threshold for cortical spreading depression (CSD), and plays a role in susceptibility to associated neurological disorders, including pathogenesis of a migraine. Rare pathogenic variants in specific ion channels have been implicated in monogenic migraine subtypes. In this study, we further examined the channelopathic nature of a migraine through the analysis of common genetic variants in three selected ion channel or transporter genes: SLC4A4, SLC1A3, and CHRNA4. Using the Agena MassARRAY platform, 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the three candidate genes were genotyped in a case-control cohort comprised of 182 migraine cases and 179 matched controls. Initial results identified significant associations between migraine and rs3776578 (p = 0.04) and rs16903247 (p = 0.05) genotypes within the SLC1A3 gene, which encodes the EAAT1 glutamate transporter. These SNPs were subsequently genotyped in an independent cohort of 258 migraine cases and 290 controls using a high-resolution melt assay, and association testing supported the replication of initial findings-rs3776578 (p = 0.0041) and rs16903247 (p = 0.0127). The polymorphisms are in linkage disequilibrium and localise within a putative intronic enhancer region of SLC1A3. The minor alleles of both SNPs show a protective effect on migraine risk, which may be conferred via influencing the expression of SLC1A3.